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With more industry stakeholders looking at different transportation options between capture sites and storage locations, liquid CO 2 carriers will become an important link in the value chain. Shipping offers safe, reliable and flexible CO 2 transportation well-suited to shorter distances and low to medium volumes.
Scaling up global CCS capacity will require a fleet of specialized tankers with the ability to collect CO 2 from capture sites operated by many different industrial segments, but at present there is no fleet of tankers that can efficiently transport high volumes of CO 2 over long distances.
Challenges include:
- Unlike natural gas, CO 2 must be pressurized to reach a liquid state
- For different CCS shipping applications and levels of scale, CO 2 may need to be shipped at different pressure levels, requiring the development of high-, medium- and low-pressure solutions
- Determining the most effective CO 2 shipping solution for each project depends on several factors, such as the amount of cargo set to be transported (per load and on an annual basis), the distance to the final storage, the concept and arrangement for offloading, and the levels of impurities and condition of the captured CO 2 .
DNV is reducing the risks and uncertainties of CO 2 shipping
DNV continues to work with industry to explore alternatives for transporting CO 2 at both high and low pressures. Factors being considered include choice of material for the containment system, effect of impurities in the cargo, transport volumes, safety considerations, and achieving the optimal balance between cost and operational complexity.
Key services include:
- Technology qualification of new cargo containment systems
- Logistics and cost studies for CO 2 shipping
- Guidance and support tender process CO 2 carriers
- Classification of CO 2 carriers
- Design support of specialized tanks, piping and refrigeration systems for the transportation of liquified CO 2
- Consequence analysis of CO 2 leaks and dispersion by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling.
